Runway Design

The runway is the primary element directly affecting the safety of aircraft take-off and landing. Our designs are based on international standards (ICAO Annex 14, FAA Advisory Circulars) and local regulations and consider:

Orientation and Length Determination: Wind analyses, runway orientation, length requirements (TORA, TODA, ASDA, LDA), topographic constraints, and airport classification.

Cross-Section and Slope Calculations: Longitudinal and transverse slope limits, line-of-sight, horizontal curves, and slope transitions.

Safety Areas: Sizing of Runway End Safety Area (RESA), blast pads, stopways, and clearways.

Pavement Type: Selection between concrete/asphalt based on service life, maintenance intervals, and aircraft loading; thickness analysis using tools like FAARFIELD.

Taxiway Design

Taxiways are the connecting paths that ensure safe and efficient aircraft movement between runways, aprons, and terminals. In our designs:

Geometric Planning: Strip widths, turning radii, and maneuverability analyses in accordance with ICAO Aerodrome Reference Codes.

Positioning: High-speed exits, parallel taxiways, and bypass routes are planned for operational efficiency.

Slopes and Drainage: Minimum slopes are provided for surface water drainage; detailed solutions are applied at junctions to prevent surface deformation.

Apron Design

Aprons are critical areas where aircraft parking, boarding/deboarding, cargo loading/unloading, refueling, and ground services are performed.

Aircraft Parking Positions: Layout of nose-in, angled, and power-in/push-back stands according to ICAO Code Letters, and their integration with taxiways.

Push-back Scenarios: Analysis of push-back angles, torque requirements, and apron traffic safety.

Pavement and Load Capacity: Heavy-duty pavement systems, substructure layers, special coatings for fuel resistance, and apron drainage systems.

Ground Service Equipment Areas: GSE lanes, pedestrian paths, stair parking zones, and baggage/cargo transfer routes.

Jet Bridge Connections: Layout of passenger boarding bridges at terminal-apron interfaces, including angle and clearance coordination based on aircraft type.

Master Planning Process and Scope

Airport master plans are structured around the following key components:

Existing Condition Assessment: An inventory is developed for all infrastructure elements such as runways, terminals, aprons, parking lots, and access roads. Existing capacity, operational constraints, environmental factors, airspace configuration, and land ownership are thoroughly evaluated.

Capacity Analyses: The ability of the current infrastructure to meet growing demand is assessed. The performance of terminals, aprons, runways, taxiways, parking areas, and ground services is analyzed to identify bottlenecks and capacity thresholds.

Land Use Planning: Functional area allocations are determined for both the internal airport area and surrounding zones. Airside and landside boundaries, buffer zones, safety clearances, and future expansion reserves are defined.

Site Analyses and Topographic Compatibility

The alignment between infrastructure design and natural topography is crucial to reducing construction costs and enabling sustainable drainage systems:

Cut-Fill Optimization: Elevation arrangements in airside platforms are optimized based on the balance of excavation and fill volumes, aiming for economic designs with minimal material transport.

Geotechnical and Stability Analyses: Embankment stability, bearing capacity, and settlement risks are evaluated through detailed engineering studies. Ground improvement requirements are identified for critical zones.

Drainage and Water Management: Rainwater discharge, surface runoff direction, and flood risk reduction are planned through integrated grading and infrastructure systems.